Causes and Three-year Incidence of Irreversible Visual Impairment in Jing-An District, Shanghai, China from 2010-2015

BACKGROUND The registry system can be used to observe the distribution trend of diseases and analyze the related data to provide useful information in a way that enables the government to take appropriate interventional measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and three-year incidence of newly registered disabled patients who were blind or had low vision in Jing-An District, Shanghai, China from 2010 to 2015. METHODS Data from the registration system of visual disability in Jing-An District, Shanghai from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. In this registry, the only person with permanent visual impairment (VI) was identified as being a certified visually impaired person. The main causes of visual disability were obtained, the three-year incidence of visual disability was calculated, and the relationships between blindness or low vision and age, as well as those between blindness or low vision and gender, were analyzed. RESULTS Six-hundred and forty-six newly certified people with VI were registered, including 206 blind patients and 440 low vision patients. The major causes of blindness were myopia macular degeneration (MMD, 23.30%), glaucoma (20.39%), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD, 17.96%). The three leading causes of low vision were MMD (58.86%), AMD (16.36%), and diabetic retinopathy (DR, 7.27%). DR (16.0%) was the first leading cause of blindness and the second leading cause of VI in patients aged 30-59 yrs. from 2010 to 2015. The three-year incidences of blindness in 2010-2012 and 2013-2015(P = 0.43), which remained stable throughout this time period, were 32.74/100000 and 36.51/100000, respectively. However, the three-year incidence of low vision was 64.51/100000 in 2010-2012 and 83.58/100000 in 2013-2015(P = 0.007), which shows that the incidence increased significantly due to the increase of patients with low vision caused by MMD and DR (P = 0.003 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MMD, glaucoma, and AMD were the main causes of blindness, while DR was becoming a major cause of VI, especially in working-age people of Jing-An District, Shanghai, China.